Plantar warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and often appear on weight-bearing areas, such as the heel or the ball of the foot. The small black dots are actually tiny blood vessels that have clotted, a key feature that helps distinguish warts from other foot issues.
Unlike blisters or splinters, plantar warts typically have a thick, rough surface. Because the bottom of the foot bears constant pressure, these warts can grow inward, making walking or standing uncomfortable.