3. Protection and Cushioning
Adipose tissue cushions internal organs, reducing the impact of physical trauma. It surrounds vital structures like the kidneys, heart, and intestines, providing a protective buffer.
4. Hormonal and Metabolic Regulation
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ, producing hormones that influence appetite, metabolism, and inflammation. Key hormones include:
• Leptin: Signals the brain to reduce hunger when fat stores are sufficient.
• Adiponectin: Enhances insulin sensitivity and helps regulate glucose metabolism.
• Resistin: May contribute to insulin resistance and inflammation.
5. Immune Function
Adipose tissue contains immune cells that help regulate inflammation and immune responses. However, excessive fat accumulation can lead to chronic inflammation, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases.
The Role of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease
Maintaining a healthy balance of adipose tissue is essential for overall health. While fat is necessary for survival, excess fat—especially visceral fat (fat stored around internal organs)—is linked to various health problems, including: